Although described in the late 1850s and its causative agent isolated in 1886, brucellosis remains a matter of concern worldwide. The disease has been eradicated in a number of countries but continues to threaten human and animal health in many areas of the world, as well as animal productions. Moreover, new Brucella strains or species have emerged; and “classical” Brucella species are reaffirming their capacity to influence social, cultural, economic and agricultural environments. The need to enhance current knowledge for the scientific community and to share the most updated information with policy makers remains a priority of paramount importance in the context of the control and eradication of the disease in endemic areas.